Metabolism of Shah Alam, Klang and Petaling Jaya: Insights from Material Flow Analysis

Authors

  • Farah Ayuni Shafie Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Muhammad Fadhil Mohd Aris Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Subramaniam Karuppannan Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Mohd Izwan Masngut Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Razi Ikhwan Md Rashid Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Ahmad Razali Ishak Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Keywords:

material flow analysis (MFA), Urban metabolism

Abstract

Urbanization is a process of growth for both economic and social activities. Unplanned urbanization lead to negative impacts especially to the environment and human beings living in the city. The aim of this study is to provide an insights on the environmental impacts of Shah Alam, Klang and Petaling Jaya. Materials Flow Analysis (MFA) approach was used to assess the input resources of residential area: electricity usage, water consumption, food consumption and output resources: ambient air quality, wastewater production and solid waste generation. The input-output data were obtained from government agencies and utility providers. The primary data collection was done through a reliability tested questionnaire to the city residents. Any national data obtained were then downscaled to a regional scale. Through the study, the result showed there are significant difference for the water and food expenses between the three cities. Meanwhile, there is no significant different for the electricity use between the cities. Klang has contribute the most in terms of output resource of gases, wastewater and solid waste outcome compared to Shah Alam and Petaling Jaya due to the city’s numbers of population. In general, 0.188 kg/cap/day of energy will contribute to about 0.455 kg/cap/day of carbon dioxide emission, 95.3% out of 236.1 kg/cap/day of water usage will become the wastewater and about 0.38 kg/cap/day of food consumption will generate about 4.5 kg/cap/day of solid waste.

Author Biographies

Muhammad Fadhil Mohd Aris, Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Urbanization is a process of growth for both economic and social activities. Unplanned urbanization lead to negative impacts especially to the environment and human beings living in the city. The aim of this study is to provide an insights on the environmental impacts of Shah Alam, Klang and Petaling Jaya. Materials Flow Analysis (MFA) approach was used to assess the input resources of residential area: electricity usage, water consumption, food consumption and output resources: ambient air quality, wastewater production and solid waste generation. The input-output data were obtained from government agencies and utility providers. The primary data collection was done through a reliability tested questionnaire to the city residents. Any national data obtained were then downscaled to a regional scale. Through the study, the result showed there are significant difference for the water and food expenses between the three cities. Meanwhile, there is no significant different for the electricity use between the cities. Klang has contribute the most in terms of output resource of gases, wastewater and solid waste outcome compared to Shah Alam and Petaling Jaya due to the city’s numbers of population. In general, 0.188 kg/cap/day of energy will contribute to about 0.455 kg/cap/day of carbon dioxide emission, 95.3% out of 236.1 kg/cap/day of water usage will become the wastewater and about 0.38 kg/cap/day of food consumption will generate about 4.5 kg/cap/day of solid waste.

Subramaniam Karuppannan, Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Urbanization is a process of growth for both economic and social activities. Unplanned urbanization lead to negative impacts especially to the environment and human beings living in the city. The aim of this study is to provide an insights on the environmental impacts of Shah Alam, Klang and Petaling Jaya. Materials Flow Analysis (MFA) approach was used to assess the input resources of residential area: electricity usage, water consumption, food consumption and output resources: ambient air quality, wastewater production and solid waste generation. The input-output data were obtained from government agencies and utility providers. The primary data collection was done through a reliability tested questionnaire to the city residents. Any national data obtained were then downscaled to a regional scale. Through the study, the result showed there are significant difference for the water and food expenses between the three cities. Meanwhile, there is no significant different for the electricity use between the cities. Klang has contribute the most in terms of output resource of gases, wastewater and solid waste outcome compared to Shah Alam and Petaling Jaya due to the city’s numbers of population. In general, 0.188 kg/cap/day of energy will contribute to about 0.455 kg/cap/day of carbon dioxide emission, 95.3% out of 236.1 kg/cap/day of water usage will become the wastewater and about 0.38 kg/cap/day of food consumption will generate about 4.5 kg/cap/day of solid waste.

Mohd Izwan Masngut, Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Urbanization is a process of growth for both economic and social activities. Unplanned urbanization lead to negative impacts especially to the environment and human beings living in the city. The aim of this study is to provide an insights on the environmental impacts of Shah Alam, Klang and Petaling Jaya. Materials Flow Analysis (MFA) approach was used to assess the input resources of residential area: electricity usage, water consumption, food consumption and output resources: ambient air quality, wastewater production and solid waste generation. The input-output data were obtained from government agencies and utility providers. The primary data collection was done through a reliability tested questionnaire to the city residents. Any national data obtained were then downscaled to a regional scale. Through the study, the result showed there are significant difference for the water and food expenses between the three cities. Meanwhile, there is no significant different for the electricity use between the cities. Klang has contribute the most in terms of output resource of gases, wastewater and solid waste outcome compared to Shah Alam and Petaling Jaya due to the city’s numbers of population. In general, 0.188 kg/cap/day of energy will contribute to about 0.455 kg/cap/day of carbon dioxide emission, 95.3% out of 236.1 kg/cap/day of water usage will become the wastewater and about 0.38 kg/cap/day of food consumption will generate about 4.5 kg/cap/day of solid waste.

Razi Ikhwan Md Rashid, Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Urbanization is a process of growth for both economic and social activities. Unplanned urbanization lead to negative impacts especially to the environment and human beings living in the city. The aim of this study is to provide an insights on the environmental impacts of Shah Alam, Klang and Petaling Jaya. Materials Flow Analysis (MFA) approach was used to assess the input resources of residential area: electricity usage, water consumption, food consumption and output resources: ambient air quality, wastewater production and solid waste generation. The input-output data were obtained from government agencies and utility providers. The primary data collection was done through a reliability tested questionnaire to the city residents. Any national data obtained were then downscaled to a regional scale. Through the study, the result showed there are significant difference for the water and food expenses between the three cities. Meanwhile, there is no significant different for the electricity use between the cities. Klang has contribute the most in terms of output resource of gases, wastewater and solid waste outcome compared to Shah Alam and Petaling Jaya due to the city’s numbers of population. In general, 0.188 kg/cap/day of energy will contribute to about 0.455 kg/cap/day of carbon dioxide emission, 95.3% out of 236.1 kg/cap/day of water usage will become the wastewater and about 0.38 kg/cap/day of food consumption will generate about 4.5 kg/cap/day of solid waste.

Ahmad Razali Ishak, Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UiTM Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Urbanization is a process of growth for both economic and social activities. Unplanned urbanization lead to negative impacts especially to the environment and human beings living in the city. The aim of this study is to provide an insights on the environmental impacts of Shah Alam, Klang and Petaling Jaya. Materials Flow Analysis (MFA) approach was used to assess the input resources of residential area: electricity usage, water consumption, food consumption and output resources: ambient air quality, wastewater production and solid waste generation. The input-output data were obtained from government agencies and utility providers. The primary data collection was done through a reliability tested questionnaire to the city residents. Any national data obtained were then downscaled to a regional scale. Through the study, the result showed there are significant difference for the water and food expenses between the three cities. Meanwhile, there is no significant different for the electricity use between the cities. Klang has contribute the most in terms of output resource of gases, wastewater and solid waste outcome compared to Shah Alam and Petaling Jaya due to the city’s numbers of population. In general, 0.188 kg/cap/day of energy will contribute to about 0.455 kg/cap/day of carbon dioxide emission, 95.3% out of 236.1 kg/cap/day of water usage will become the wastewater and about 0.38 kg/cap/day of food consumption will generate about 4.5 kg/cap/day of solid waste.

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Published

2020-07-29

How to Cite

Shafie, F. A. ., Mohd Aris, M. F. ., Karuppannan, S. ., Masngut, M. I. ., Md Rashid, R. I. ., & Ishak, A. R. . (2020). Metabolism of Shah Alam, Klang and Petaling Jaya: Insights from Material Flow Analysis. Healthscope: The Official Research Book of Faculty of Health Sciences, UiTM, 2. Retrieved from https://healthscopefsk.com/index.php/research/article/view/9

Issue

Vol. 2 (2019): Healthscope

Section

Articles